The flavor for the current season’s forthcoming Halloween is Batman costumes! Agreed that there are the likes of costumes corresponding to Star Wars, Harry Potter and similar series of popular movies. But, Batman is the favorite for young and old alike. No wonder therefore that today’s online sites, which have stocked up Halloween costumes, have a large number of costumes for the eternal Batman now made more famous by the Dark Knight and the Joker.
A peek into one of the major online sites for Halloween costumes yields a veritable treasure trove of Batman costumes. The adult section has around 40 costumes, children another 35; accessories and make up a cool 30 and pet costumes, masks, hats and wigs yield another few options.
Batman costumesfor men are Latex costumes, Collector’s edition Batman adult, Batman Dark Knight Deluxe Muscle Chest, Batman Plus Adult, 3 pc Batman Adult and Deluxe Batman (from 1997 movie). Joker costumes similarly are in Adult Deluxe, The Joker Deluxe, and Batman Dark Knight The Joker Adult and Joker Deluxe Adult Standard costumes besides the Joker Makeup kit. Robin costumes are there as Muscle Costume, from the 1997 movie and Robin Adult Collector’s costume.
Similarly Batman Costumes for women are as Gotham Girls Batgirl Velvet, Leatherlike Catwoman and the Batgirl (1997) Costume Deluxe besides the Sexy Robin Adult!
Batman Costumes for children are as Batman Dark Knight, Deluxe Muscle Chest, Batman Brave and Bold Deluxe, Batman Dark Knight Batman Child, Batman Toddler, Joker Child costume, Batgirl child, Batman Dark Knight The joker child, Batman Infant Costume, Deluxe Robin Hood Costume child, Batman Dark Knight Child Joker Clown and Batman Muscle Chest costume. The really cool ones are Ninja Batman Begins, Batman Dark Knight Batman Child, Batman Dark Knight Child Joker, 3pc Batman Toddler, Batman Bib Newborn and the Batman Dark Knight Child Batman belt!
Batman costumes will be a conversation piece in dress up parties with their varieties of options whether you are shopping for adult men or women or kids. Go online and you will discover for yourself.
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Obituary: Nelee Langmuir’s escape from Nazis as Hidden Child
SEGMENT ONE
: NELEE LANGMUIR’S STORY AS FROM THE VIDEO
Introduction. Before Nelee Langmuir’s death in Summer, 2010, her daughter wrote of her mother’s experience as a Hidden Child. She wrote of it 2005, September 3 and Debra Wanner in so doing added her voice as a new generation to her mother’s story. Here she serves as an introduction to the condensed narrative that follows of Nelee’s oral history that tells of her remembrance of that time in her childhood, and that of her sister’s, when through the help of good people in France, she and her sister escaped from the German Nazi occupiers who would have otherwise sent them to a death camp from France.
Nelee’s complete video narrative is comprised as an interview this writer viewed at the Holocaust Center of Northern California, San Francisco as set up for the screen by their archivist Judith Janec. The more than three hour “monologue” of memory is an interview punctuated with thoughtful questions by Peter Ryan and Elizabeth Ryan. Nelee’s face is seen throughout the remembrance; voices of the interviewers come to audio only from time to time. Nelee is moved deeply in a visible sense from time to time throughout the talk of her own Hidden Child experience, and it shows that she is a woman of strength and intelligence, as she apparently was, too, as a child–As her sister must have been too– And in addition, as her parents were, as they, too, were flexible and resourceful human beings.
Nelee Langmuir, French teacher with student at Stanford University…Courtesy Stanford University
As Cynthia Haven wrote of Nelee Langmuir in her obituary that appeared in StanfoNs of her death August 11, 2010 in Nelee’s Stanford home at 78, the August 18, 2010 article notes: “…In Our Stories, a publication by Bay Area Hidden Children (the [San Francisco] chapter of an international organization), Langmuir recalled the first day in 1942 when she wore the yellow star.” Debra Wanner, in that same book writes of her mother’s statement in the same book:
I was affected deeply by my mother having been a hidden child in the war. What first comes to mind is that at around ten years old I was in my grandparents’ study looking around at the interesting pieces of décor on their bookshelves; a miniature chess set, a small crystal candy dish and a little box. I opened the box and saw a letter that was written in French. Being the nosey, curious child that I was I pulled it out and began to try to read it. It began, “Chers Maman et Papa.” My grandfather came in the room and I showed him the letter and asked him about it. He read it to me and translated the French as he went.
This letter was actually two letters combined. They were from my mother and my aunt written during the time they were being hidden in France. The girls wrote about what they were doing and how they hoped they would all be able to be together again before too long. I remember small and tender words…
…I have a very visceral response to this memory as I write these words on the page: a closing of my throat, pulling in of my gut, folding of my torso, and welling of tears and holding in of my breath. I wonder if I was having those same feelings as I sat there on the couch with my grandfather listening and asking questions about the letter and at the same time trying to comprehend what was being unfolded…”
One important point to offer in this article-Obituary is to remake the contention that it is a part of Jewish History and a purpose of contemporary Jewish religious work, even in the ethnic or cultural Jewish sense, to remember the Holocaust and to tell the story of it from generation to generation. This general statement ties in with a statement in the Psalms that individuals shall tell the story of God, of Him, from generation to generation. This writer recalls these important parts of the instruction of the Psalm because the Jewish faith, and that of Christian denominations in their faith, is to tell of God in both history and in 21st century history. Nelee Langmuir’s video testimony plays a living role in the history of the Jewish faith.
Without being too far sidetracked, this writer tried to establish, if briefly, what the college age generation might think of the holocaust experience, and what it meant to them. In an effort to do this, a research institute contacted regarding the subject offered this quote about contemporary university level anti-Semitism:
“Comparisons to experiences during the Holocaust are always difficult, if not impossible. Nevertheless, it would seem to be particularly disturbing to those who experienced this horrific event to see Holocaust imagery in today’s world, on college campuses no less. The idea that today some Jewish students might contemplate whether it is wise to wear a kippah, or a Jewish star around their neck seems absurd, but sadly is a reality on some campuses. Caricatures of Israelis and Jews circulate that too closely resemble those of Der Stermer’s Nazi era comics. The blood libel resurfacing in the form of leaflets depicting cans of “Palestinian baby meat…manufactured according to Jewish rites” are disturbing reminders that, while Jews enjoy unprecedented freedom and security today, anti-Semitism remains very much alive.”
Aryeh Wineburg offered the above in an email, saying, also, “…My title is Director of Research at the Institute for Jewish & Community Research. Also, I am co-author on the UnCivil University….”
This writer replied in that same email thread:
For me, your quote is important because you emphasize a thought that I don’t. That is, that the Holocaust as experience has no real comparison to today’s range of anti-Semitism. I’ve heard this viewpoint a few times this past year especially, and I am beginning to take it in light of a generational difference in thinking (by Jews and non-Jews). For me in my generation, the Holocaust remains a primary experience in Western History, and has become a solid part of the past century’s definition of horror that spills into the consciousness of the 21st Century. That it might happen again, I believe that consideration is moot and you addressed it in the background talk we had by phone today. That is, if it were so, demonstrations and political actions regarding such activity as Hitler’s Germany practiced would be actively pursued by Jews.
This difference in viewpoint regarding the imperative of anti-Semitism as noted in your statement does diminish the danger of the anti-Semitic act. But more to the older generation, and even my generation of Baby Boomers, the depth of experience the Holocaust offers, and its act remains tied to an attitude towards Israel as a State–that Israel has a right to exist. This is not to say, that there is a specific cause and effect between the Holocaust and creation of Israel, but that people who are younger support Israel with less determination and not the refusal of equivocation as do those of the older generations.
Where I found out more on this subject was from Rabbi Adlerstein of The Simon Wiesenthal Center and Rabbi Cooper. Both I talked with for another article on the phone and that viewpoint appeared to be their stance. A stance held through telephone conversation and in their public writings, too. That’s what I think.
I am not trying to diminish the value and impact of your statement regarding campus problems, a contemporary issue that is probably trendy as well…In a sense, anti-Semitism remains alive and well on campuses, and is a block to religious expression and practice, as well as hateful and a breeder of hate towards young people and the Jewish community. So I have learned. I will use your statement, as it is a timely and good one of news value that is helpful in illuminating a sense of proportion and generational view of the current anti-Semitism issue. It also seems a reasonable statement to my ears. So I am grateful that you made it and as I say I’ll use the statement in the Obituary-article.
To a degree, I am glad for our phone conversation for when talking about these hate issues and Jewish inter-faith concerns as well as societal practices (in colleges, hate talk?!), I recall Rabbi Adlerstein pointing out that there needs to be a lesson in these kind of comments. I am looking for that lesson, and think that your statement itself can stand as a question of issue. This allows the reader to come to a conclusion in an article-Obituary and find a meaning, even a lesson of life and history. These are big ideas, and my ambition is not so great that in writing about Nelee Langmuir I must fulfill the stated “lesson” concept. Considering it is enough to write the article=Obituary.
At this point, as I come to the end of my research for the article-Obituary, and must turn to thinking of writing the piece, the thrust it holds in my mind is one of an Obituary that tells of an experience, and character of a woman, the goodness of the Righteous Ones (non-Jews), and the recalling and telling a part of one person’s story with hate and horror in history that seems so long ago. Her life experience is not really forgotten and is still alive. That it is alive, the Holocaust, even after the death of someone like Nelee Langmuir Hidden Child, and it needs to be kept in memory, told from generation to generation. That is my understanding of a Jewish imperative and lesson offered regarding the events. As a Religion Writer, the single important element of the Obituary is that it be told from generation to generation. So far no one has said that to me, so I have no quote for it. The other focus as you know is the goodness of strangers who helped this Hidden Child and her sister, offering brave alternatives and battles with evil at the risk of their own lives—sometimes sacrificed to their integrity. Despite Nelee Langmuir’s tragedy as a child and the misery of it for her life, she prevailed. The Director of the Righteous Ones memorial at Yad Vashem in Israel said to me that Nelee Langmuir lived a successful and happy life. This is important, for she prevailed as did the community (both Jewish Community, and the Stanford Community where she was so welcomed, and where she worked).
In a more simple way, the evil acts of rounding people up and also labeling them with means that make them a target for hate and harm, are answered with those who resisted evil. They could say: We did it because it was wrong. They did the good thing. A truly human thing.
NELEE’S MEMOIR STARTING IN PARIS, FRANCE—SOME NOTES ON THE VIDEO NARRATIVE OF NELEE LANGMUIR KEPT IN ARCHIVE AT HOLOCAUST CENTER OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Nelee in later years
Nelee explains that her father was an electrical engineer, but that he worked mostly in metals, buying and selling, and was a successful man at this business so that his family were economically well off enough to live comfortably on the buying and selling of nickel. This educated and successful life of theirs was not a promise by its own of escaping Nazi occupiers who sought their lives and possession. For the Langmuirs, it was the goodness of others that contributed so considerably to their escape to survive the war and occupation in France.
There is little doubt that the director of the school Nelee and her sister attended helped greatly in getting the two sisters out of Paris, probably making a difference that was responsible for the saving of their lives. It was the beginning of a journey of having their lives saved, for during this journey to safety in America as children many good French men, women, and I say children, helped them on their course.
In Paris, Nelee recalls, the registration of the Jews began in 1941. It was that same year that the Langmuir family declared themselves Jewish. They were somewhat secular in their practices, and though not distinguishably ethnically Jewish, it was the father who attended Temple. If they had not worn the Stars, things would have been worse for them. In a family discussion and vote on the matter, that Nelee describes as an historic and seminal turning point for the family in their identity and their life’s experiences as Jews, this decision was by the entire family: We must wear the Jewish Stars, Nelee realized and all complied in a kind of defeat.
Though the father was more of the practicing Jew than the mother, as was noted earlier, the children were friends of many children of Christian faith; they did not live in a Jewish neighborhood, though had many Jewish friends as children, too. They were from Paris, and the father considered himself a Parisian and Frenchman to a large extent, though born elsewhere than France. For example, regarding their faith and ethnicity, the Langmuir parents spoke both Yiddish, and Russian.
So much changed for France and the Langmuir family, for Nelee is specific in saying that she remembered well the beginning of the war. “People were fearful.” This was 1939. In June, 1940, Germans entered Paris, and it was then that the family began the journey of flight from what they were not sure, but from something evil. They left for the coast (the Atlantic in the Southwest). They did return to Paris for the sake of friends and relatives, to gather with others and at the time were very close to getting to the United States. But it didn’t happen. They were missing one paper for exit as part of their processing. True, in the long run, at the end of their journey, they would get to America, and would end up in California’s Sacramento, and in Marysville (close to Sacramento, 90 miles north of San Francisco).
For the record, Nelee mentions in her narrative memoire in the video that as a child she and her sister, 11 and 6 years old respectively, did wear a Star in May, 1942, but there weren’t many children in her school that wore one. It was The Star of David. This writer capitalizes the three word phrase, because it seemed so surprising to Nelee to be wearing a Star of David to school. She said she felt fearful when she sewed on the Star. When with her father in the street, people would see the Star and stop her father speaking apologetically for their situation and the wearing of the Star specifically.
As time and events went on, and though they’d left Paris in 1942, events like secret phone calls were precursors of their leaving. There was the night of the calls about Playing Poker, but really a secret meeting. It was on that same night, if memory and this writer’s notes are correct, or perhaps a night thereabouts, that the French police came to check Nelee’s father’s papers. He was not home at the time. Nelee notes that friends of the French resistance helped the family, and this included the Parents. For Nelee tells the story as if she and her Parents have a tale of escape that is somewhat separate from her’s and her sister’s. And this is true, for the two sisters were separated at times from the Parents, and they were Hidden Children. That they were separated from their Parents helps to create the definition of what a Hidden Child means.
It was from Paris and parts of occupied France that the Hidden Children went on their journey, where parts of the underground helped families and many children. As the tale in story form unfolds with Nelee’s testimony, she tells how they were taken by train; she and her sister, passed the demarcation line. Friends did this: in specific one man, a World War I veteran with a disfigured face who was leader of the resistance in the area of unoccupied France secreted them on the ruse they were his children.
In her sincere story of separation from her Parents, an emotion shared with her sister, she remembered that the man with the disfigured face was also smuggling in some mail from occupied to unoccupied France. It helped them get through to give the guard a new pair of shoes at the change of demarcation point to get through the line. This probably because of the snuck package of mail, this writer surmises.
The two sisters had cried during the time of the trip when they posed as daughters of a stranger, and in her memory of the train through the demarcation line those who helped and those whom they lived with, went to school with, and in the town where they lived, knew the children were Jewish. It was a small town.
Nelee recalls, “We had a lot of wonderful people helping us.” She adds, “We were not taken as happened many times to others.”
One woman who helped had a …”round face and a good smile.” She notes in the video,…In 1944 she says, we wondered what to do, and it was in April that they had to give the people they’d been living with a “hard good bye.” It is important to note, and this particularly from Nelee’s perspective, for it was these people who were her childhood rescuers and even heroic good people risking their lives for the children, that where they went in unoccupied France for shelter was a Catholic area. Germans held no friendship in the minds of this locale, for many Frenchmen were killed by the Germans in the 1914 war.
In time, the “noose was tightening…” and there began a raid a day to find Jews in the small town. Though her sister went to private school (Catholic), she was unable to do the sign of the Cross right. The Nun’s taught her sister the right way so she would fit in better. Though not stated specifically, with the noose tightening it was apparent the efforts and means to hide the children became more intense. After the War (World War II) the Parents learned that though they offered money, nothing would be accepted by the school, and during the War nothing was asked of the Parents of money for the school. So Nelee points out.
In 1944 when the liberation from the Nazis came to the area, the Parents came for the children. In August the invasion reached the Headquarter area of the underground. The allies were advancing, and the Germans were retreating, and so the Parents came for their children—so Nelee tells.
Most of their family in Europe perished, and the Langmuirs after the liberation decided to leave Paris, planning on going to the “States.” Nelee was hesitant to make the complete cut. An Uncle in California offered to pay the way of the family to the United States and at the age of 18 Nelee came to the United States by ship. The Parents made the decision to leave France for “the future of the children…” America seemed like a new world. And the family left France, Nelee says, “…because we were Jewish.”
Nelee says that as a result of the horror, the tragedy, the journey to escape death in the camps, and especially the people who helped in this journey, that, “I believe in the goodness of people.” Everywhere, people had helped and took risks. Asked at the time of the making of the video, whether she considered herself Jewish, Nelee says, “I think I still feel in my heart culturally Jewish.”
This writer knows the three hour narrative memoir spoke by Nelee on video is not done justice in this brief recitation. But hopefully a sense of the tension, reality, and drama comes to the readers mind from the retelling.
SEGMENT TWO: RIGHTOUS AMONG NATIONS
Langmuir mounted a successful campaign to enroll Albert and Marianne Béraud at the Yad Vashem Memorial for the “Righteous Among the Nations.”
–from Cynthia Haven’s “Stanford Report,” August 18, 2010: …French Holocaust survivor and influential Stanford teacher, dies at 78
Who are the Righteous Among Nations referred to in the quote above; they are two of Nelee Langmuir’s rescuers. Both French, neither Jews, this writer wondered for a definition of Righteous Among Nations, and in an effort to get an accurate answer phoned Irena Steinfeldt, Director of the Righteous Among the Nations Department at Yad Vashem in Israel on a Thursday morning, California time. It was afternoon in Israel—later in the workday at the museum.
The interview by phone went this way:
The questions by the writer:
1. I have a few questions, but paramount is to get a quote about Who are the Righteous Ones, What does it mean?
2. Why was the Garden created?
3. What does Shoah mean?
Answers by the Director, Irena Steinfeldt:
1. It’s a program that was established by Yad Vashem in 1953. One of the tasks of the Remembrance Authority was to commemorate the Righteous among the nations,who were defined by the Yad Vashem Law as non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust.
Incidentally, it has to be mentioned, that the heroes of this rescue story are not [only] the two rescuers; it is also Nelee and her sister Mina. The struggle for survival and rebuilding a new life after having endured such enormous suffering is an enormous accomplishment. When Yad Vashem launched the Righteous Program, A commission was established, chaired by a retired Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel, that evaluates each case and makes the decision who can be awarded the title. Nelee sent her very moving and detailed testimony to Yad Vashem. The testimony and all the information was evaluated by the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous, and the decision was to award the title to Albert and Marianne Beraut from France. It is impossible to define an average or typical profile of the Righteous; so far we recognized 23,000 people – they come from all walks of life, from all professions, ages, social classes; They may be devout people, or atheists. They may be simple peasants, or nobility of Europe. what they have in common is Not just being good, but doing a good deed that has a very high price tag attached to it. They were willing to take a risk and pay for their good deed – They come from all Christian denominations: It could be Greek Orthodox, Adventist, French Protestant, all the different Catholic Orders, and Muslims. It’s not about religion. It’s about being a human being. 2. The Garden was created to engrave the names on the walls and commemorate these people. This is an expression of the gratitude of the Jewish people. The Righteous program is unique: You will not find any other precedent of any other nation who were victims of such crimes, who set out to find the good people from the nations of perpetrators and bystanders and decorate them with the highest award they have. Although what most victims experienced was indifference and hostility and although it was only these few people who helped them, the Jewish people did not forget the rare expressions of goodness. I believe that It is a testimony to the Jewish people’s moral strength that they were able to search for the good people despite terrible destruction and terrible pain that they had endured. The reaction was not revenge and not violence [by the victims, Jewish people]. It was an attempt to rebuild new life and to reaffirm their faith in mankind. This is the very special thing about this garden. Nelee is an example of this admirable strength: Her parents were born in Lithuania. She was born in France and then had to immigrate to the United States. Despite everything she went through look at the life she led and at the wonderful inspiration she is to all of us. Nelee, the survivors and the Righteous teach us that Every single person can leave something good and leave their mark. 3. It is a Hebrew word which means a total disaster. It is the term we use to define this unique and unprecedented murder of the Jews in Europe. …Her parents were born in Lithuania. She was born in France and then had to immigrate to the United States. Despite everything she went through look at the life she led. Every single person can leave something good and leave their mark.
The following material from the pages of Yad Vashem’s website (edited for space] illustrates in concrete ways what is meant by Righteous among nations:
Quote one:
“I believe that it was really due to Lorenzo that I am alive today; and not so much for his material aid, as for his having constantly reminded me by his presence… that there still existed a just world outside our own, something and someone still pure and whole… for which it was worth surviving”
Primo Levi describes his rescuer, Lorenzo Perrone (If This Is A Man)
Attitudes towards the Jews during the Holocaust mostly ranged from indifference to hostility. The mainstream watched as their former neighbors were rounded up and killed; some collaborated with the perpetrators; many benefited from the expropriation of the Jews property.
In a world of total moral collapse there was a small minority who mustered extraordinary courage to uphold human values. These were the Righteous Among the Nations. They stand in stark contrast to the mainstream of indifference and hostility that prevailed during the Holocaust. Contrary to the general trend, these rescuers regarded the Jews as fellow human beings who came within the bounds of their universe of obligation.
Most rescuers started off as bystanders. In many cases this happened when they were confronted with the deportation or the killing of the Jews. Some had stood by in the early stages of persecution, when the rights of Jews were restricted and their property confiscated, but there was a point when they decided to act, a boundary they were not willing to cross. Unlike others, they did not fall into a pattern of acquiescing to the escalating measures against the Jews.
Quote two:
They were ordinary human beings, and it is precisely their humanity that touches us and should serve as a model. So far Yad Vashem recognized Righteous from 44 countries and nationalities; there are Christians from all denominations and churches, Muslims and agnostics; men and women of all ages; they come from all walks of life; highly educated people as well as illiterate peasants; public figures as well as people from society’s margins; city dwellers and farmers from the remotest corners of Europe; university professors, teachers, physicians, clergy, nuns, diplomats, simple workers, servants, resistance fighters, policemen, peasants, fishermen, a zoo director, a circus owner, and many more.
Quote three:
In the rural areas in Eastern Europe hideouts or bunkers, as they were called, were dug under houses, cowsheds, barns, where the Jews would be concealed from sight. In addition to the threat of death that hung over the Jews’ heads, physical conditions in such dark, cold, airless and crowded places over long periods of time were very hard to bear. The rescuers, whose life was terrorized too, would undertake to provide food – not an easy feat for poor families in wartime – removing the excrements, and taking care of all their wards’ needs. Jews were also hidden in attics, hideouts in the forest, and in any place that could provide shelter and concealment, such as a cemetery, sewers, animal cages in a zoo, etc. Sometimes the hiding Jews were presented as non-Jews, as relatives or adopted children. Jews were also hidden in apartments in cities, and children were placed in convents with the nuns concealing their true identity. In Western Europe Jews were mostly hidden in houses, farms or convents.
Quote four:
The rescue of children - parents were faced with agonizing dilemmas to separate from their children and give them away in the hope of increasing their chances of survival. In some cases children who were left alone after their parents had been killed would be taken in by families or convents. In many cases it was individuals who decided to take in a child; in other cases and in some countries, especially Poland, Belgium, Holland and France, there were underground organizations that found homes for children, provided the necessary funds, food and medication, and made sure that the children were well cared for.
“And to them will I give in my house and within my walls a memorial and a name (a “yad vashem”)… that shall not be cut off.”
(Isaiah, chapter 56, verse 5)
SEGMENT THREE: ADDENDUM FEATURING MEMORIAL STATEMENTS
In an effort to get a sense of Nelee Langmuir in life, here a look at the Memorial Service statements given at Stanford Memorial Chapel on October 12, 2010 at the campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California (near San Jose, California—south of San Francisco). Nelee was an important long time part of the Stanford Community as a French teacher, and in her married and family life.
As a French teacher, she helped and inspired many students. One friend in the French department of Stanford who knew her for ten years during the last years of Nelee’s life said of her in memorial…
Kathy Richman: Nelée’s most remarkable gift: her ability to connect with all sorts of people and bring together people who might never have met. This talent carried over into the classroom, too. My friend recalls Nelée giving her and a young man in the class a “special assignment” to see a film together. Off they went, obedient students, and there was Nelée at the movie, sitting 3 rows behind them, making sure that all went well, then politely waving goodnight at the end. They completed the special assignment and, indeed, wound up dating for a few years. Twenty years later, she was still in touch with both of them.
With stories like these, I just had to meet this “Mme Langmuir.” Nelée immediately welcomed me into her sparkling world of humor and warmth. She wove a rich, dense fabric among students, friends, colleagues, and strangers — though no one stayed a stranger for very long. Even in her hospice room, which felt more like a salon, Nelée was still bringing people together and introducing friends. With her enormous heart, Nelée taught by example, in class and out. The greatest professional compliment I’ve ever been paid was that my teaching style resembled Nelée’s and that maybe some day I would be as successful and beloved a teacher as her.
In a brief telephone interview with Officiant at her Memorial, Rabbi Patricia Karlin-Neuman was contacted via email to talk about the service after it occurred. She wrote by email: “I did not know Nelee Langmuir personally. With the Jewish holidays between now and Oct. 12, I am not likely to write my remarks until just before the memorial. I know that her daughters want for there to be a Catholic presence in the memorial as a tribute to the Nuns who protected their mother while she was hiding in France.”
1. I am interested to know about Nelee Langmuir’s life in relation to the difficulties of childhood and tragedy of the holocaust. Have you an impression on this? In your Memorial Service held at the Stanford Memorial Chapel October 12, 2010 for friends and family, did you remark on the matter, and to broaden the question, her successful and full life led by the Stanford University French Professor? Have you some additional thoughts now?
2.
What an extraordinary compassionate and Joint Benediction with Sister Mina parsonst. The Church was mostly filled. People came from France. What I wrote is as much as I can say. I think it had a profound effect, and I think the lesson had to do with kindness. I think that’s what she chose to tell. She focused on how many people helped these two young children. I think that the picture that I received now of meeting with her daughters and viewing the film was affirmed by all of the people who spoke. She was an extraordinary teacher, and I used the motif of how she was a light in darkness. How she was a teacher of strength, of hospitality, love, friendship, loyalty, strength.
3. If you have a text of your Memorial Sermon, may I have a copy? Is there something special or of interest to those readers who want to get to know her in your Sermon that you’ve reflected on as a help to her family and friends and reveals her life and character.
4.
Sure, I’ll send it on. I think that I spoke first is that I tried to frame what were the most significant gifts that she brought to people who love her. And then people who knew her best and could provide more color…what I said was provided by her daughter. What I tried to do is remind the family and close friends, this is a time for the family to come together and learn something more about the relationships between themselves and other friends. Rituals help us to mark that legacy, to delineate and frame it.
Excerpt of the Rabbi’s text (at the Stanford Memorial Chapel):
Ha am haholchim bachosech raau or gadol; yoshvei beeretz tzalmavet or nagah alehem
“The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light; they that dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.” (Isaiah 9:1)
Nelee Langmuir was a child in a time of great darkness. Too young, she lost her innocence, buffeted about by the systematic legitimization of
humanity’s degradation. Her story of being a hidden child, of protecting her sister and fearing for her parents might have been told with a different inflection. She might have lived the rest of her life with that shadow of death plaguing her.
Yet, Nelee Langmuir saw a great light. The story she told was one where virtue displaced victimization, where courage conquered cowardice.
The great light that Nelee saw, the great light she continued to illumine
throughout her life was created by the kindness of so many people who risked their own lives to save two little girls, the courage and determination to provide them with comfort, with protection, with laughter and with love. This once hidden child became an elegant, dignified and open-hearted adult. She moved from a past delineated by limits to a future embracing expansiveness.
Nelee paid careful attention to a simple yet profound lesson—that she had
been showered with great kindness in a time of darkness. Heeding that lesson, she became a great teacher. Nelee Langmuir was an award-winning teacher in the traditional sense, having won the Walter J. Gores award for excellence in teaching at Stanford for her infectious enthusiasm, for blending clarity with humaneness and intellectual rigor with empathy. Students across the world have borne testimony to Nelee’s generous humanity and devotion to her craft.
Jeanette Ringold (at the Stanford Memorial Chapel):
I called Nelee to ask her if she might be interested in coming to a meeting of the Bay Area Hidden Children, a group that had just been started after a conference in NYC a few months earlier. She immediately accepted my invitation and started coming to meetings accompanied by Gavin and continued to be a faithful member of the group until her death.
The group’s members are people who as children were hidden to escape being caught by the Nazis. Our members are Holocaust survivors from France, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Bulgaria, and Holland. We meet approximately every other month in the home of a member: there is always a potluck lunch followed by a meeting. Nelee’s standard contribution was cheese and crackers – cooking was not one of her interests…
…Nelee’s story seems happier than many because her nuclear family – her parents and her sister – survived, even though the rest of the family was murdered. But during the war Nelee felt responsible for Mina, and she also understood what was happening better than a younger child could.
Sr Ramona Bascom, OP (at the Stanford Memorial Chapel):
Courage is defined as “the mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear or difficulty.” And we are at the heart of this particular history: the courage of the Jewish parents to give their precious girls away to this Catholic family; the courage of two little girls to trust themselves into the hands of this family; the courage of the five children accepting their new sisters and teaching them how to make the sign of the cross, memorize the “Our Father” and the “Hail Mary” so they could pass in their Catholic school; and the courage of the sisters to accept them into the community. The danger was very real; the love was tenacious; the intrepid courage made them bold and heroic.
Simone Weil says that “God is present at the point where the eyes of those who give and those who receive meet.” God was truly present to them; love united them
At the end of the Mass for the Dead (now called Mass of Resurrection), as the body is being carried from the church to the cemetery the following is sung/prayed “In Paradisum”
May the Angels lead you into paradise; may the martyrs greet you at your arrival and lead you into the holy city, Jerusalem.
May the choir of Angels greet you and like Lazarus, who once was a poor man, may you have eternal rest. Amen
Vered Shemtov (at the Stanford Memorial Chapel):
The Hebrew poet Yehuda Amichai wrote:
Forgetting someone is like
forgetting to turn off the light in the yard,
it stays on all day:
And that means also remembering
By the light”
“I met Nelee almost 20 years ago at Stanford, as a student in her intensive reading French class. Nelee was one of the most memorable teachers I had in grad school. She was one of those teachers that make you realize that good education is not necessarily about the latest technology, or a detailed syllabus. Sometimes, it is first and foremost about role models. Sometimes, there is nothing more important then the personality of the teacher.
Nelee had a brilliant, sharp mind and so her explanations were always clear and to the point. She was down to earth and focused on what really mattered. There was no hiding behind the bush with her. No nonsense. She listened to you attentively and generously in a way that made you feel you had to do your best to be worthy of her true interest in you. This combination of extreme kindness and yet high expectations (from herself and from others) made her students always want to excel.
Throughout the years, Nelee became not just a teacher but also a colleague (we taught together in the language center), she was a mentor for me and in the last few years also a loving friend. These same qualities: the deep interest in others, the curiosity, and positive thinking, the integrity and – the same wonderful smile – were part of each and every interaction with her.
But more than anything, Nelee taught me how NOT to forget. In the last few years I had the opportunity to work with her on finding funding for completing her movie about her Holocaust experience. I was astonished to see how it was not anger or revenge that motivated Nelee to tell her story but her enormous gratitude and love for the people who saved her and her sister Mina. This was her way of teaching us how not to forget darkness.
We will miss Nelee but she will continue to be a part of the Center for Jewish Studies and the French Language program. Following her wish, Stanford will have two Nelee Langumir awards: one for excellence in the study of French and the other for the study of Jewish history and the Holocaust. The first prize will be awarded on April 28th at a special screening of the movie in Wallenberg Hall.
Cynthia Haven (in the “Stanford News” as written by Ms. Haven):
Nelee Rainès-Lambé was born in Paris on Oct. 18, 1931, the daughter of a Lithuanian electrical engineer and his wife, who had emigrated to France. Her sister Mina was born in 1935…
Nelee Langmuir married Paul Wanner, who received his PhD in psychology from Stanford, had two daughters and taught adult classes in French at Menlo-Atherton High School for years. She received a master’s degree from Stanford in 1972 and, by that time divorced, remarried the same year.
Her second husband, GaiLnmir, was one of the founders of the Jewish Studies program and the interdisciplinary Program in Medieval Studies, as well as the author of the seminal Toward a Definition of Antisemitism and History, Religion, and Antisemitism, both published in 1990. With her husband in 1979-1980, she taught at the Stanford-in-France program in Tours. He died in 2005.
She won a Walter J. Gores award for excellent teaching in 1979. The citation praised “the infectious enthusiasm with which she brings French language and culture to American students … blending clarity with humaneness, intellectual rigor with empathy.”
Kathryn Strachota, a senior lecturer in German, recalled at Stanford’s Language Center in 2006 that in Langmuir’s French classes “there was lots of laughter every day.”
“I was amazed at how she could create, spontaneously, out of an informal conversational exchange about what students had been up to, one teachable moment after another,” she said. “Decades later, she remembers individual students and they remember her and stay in touch. She creates and maintains connections. And she keeps widening the circle.”…
…Langmuir mounted a successful campaign to enroll Albert and Marianne Béraud at the Yad Vashem Memorial for the “Righteous Among the Nations.”…
…She is survived by her sister, Mina Parsont of Gaithersburg, Md.; daughters Debra Wanner of New York City and Jennifer Wanner of San Francisco; a stepdaughter, Valerie Langmuir of Millbrae; two sons-in-law; and two granddaughters…
…In lieu of flowers, the family welcomes donations to the Nelee Langmuir Award. Checks made out to Stanford University and earmarked for the Nelee Langmuir Award should be sent to Taube Center for Jewish Studies, 450 Serra Mall, Building 360, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2190.
About the Author
Peter Menkin, an aspiring poet, lives in Mill Valley, CA USA (north of San Francisco). My blog: http://www.petermenkin.blogspot.com He is 63 years old as of 2009.
In these cartoons released between 1928 and 1935, Walt Disney created one of the icons of 20th-century culture. Disney’s reputation was built on these early shorts, and the films shimmer with the energy of the young artists exploring the new medium of the sound cartoon. Watching the films in chronological order enables the viewer to see the remarkable progress Walt and his crew made in animat…
When it was first published in 1781, The Confessions scandalised Europe with its emotional honesty and frank treatment of the author’s sexual and intellectual development. Since then, it has had a more profound impact on European thought. Rousseau left posterity a model of the reflective life – the solitary, uncompromising individual, the enemy of servitude and habit and the selfish egoist who ded…
John Lahr is one of the most celebrated critics of the performing arts. Winner of Britain’s 1992 Roger Machell Award for the best writing about public performance, Dame Edna Everage and the Rise of Western Civilisation is an insider’s account of a great clown and a great act. It takes us backstage at London’s Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, with Barry Humphries, and into the weird and wonderful world…
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Clark Kent – China Mobile Internet Device – China External Battery For Iphone4
Overview
Through the popularity of his Superman alter ego, the personality, concept, and name of Clark Kent have become ingrained in popular culture as well, becoming synonymous with secret identities and innocuous fronts for ulterior motives and activities. His name alludes to two pulp characters: Doc Savage, whose full name is Clark Savage Jr., and The Shadow, whose alias in the pulps was Kent Allard (though in the radio serial it was Lamont Cranston). Another theory is that “Kent” was a combination of the real and pen names of Doc Savage’s creator, Lester DENT, who wrote as KENNETH Robeson. Superman’s co-creator and first writer was an avid fan of the pulp genre.
Beginnings
In the earliest Superman comics, Clark Kent’s primary purpose was to fulfill the perceived dramatic requirement that a costumed superhero cannot remain on full duty all the time. Clark thus acted as little more than a front for Superman’s activities. Although his name and history were taken from his early life with his adoptive Earth parents, everything about Clark was staged for the benefit of his alternate identity: as a reporter for the Daily Planet he receives late-breaking news before the general public, has a plausible reason to be present at crime scenes, and need not strictly account for his whereabouts as long as he makes his story deadlines.
To deflect suspicion that he is Superman, Clark Kent adopted a largely passive and introverted personality with conservative mannerisms, a higher-pitched voice and a slight slouch. This personality is typically described as “mild-mannered,” perhaps most famously by the opening narration of Max Fleischer’s Superman animated theatrical shorts. These traits extended into Clark’s wardrobe, which typically consists of a bland-colored business suit, a red necktie, black-rimmed glasses (which in Pre-Crisis stories had lenses of Kryptonian material that would not be damaged when he fired his heat vision through them), combed-back hair, and occasionally a fedora.
Transitions
Clark wears his Superman costume underneath his street clothes, allowing easy changes between the two personae and the dramatic gesture of ripping open his shirt to reveal the familiar “S” emblem when called into action. Superman usually stores his Clark Kent clothing compressed in a secret pouch within his cape, though some stories have shown him leaving his clothes in some covert location (such as a telephone booth) for later retrieval.
In the Pre-Crisis comic book title Superman Family, Clark is featured in a series of stories called “The Private Life of Clark Kent,” where he solves problems subtly without changing into Superman.
Retroactive continuity
In the wake of John Byrne’s reboot of Superman continuity in The Man of Steel, many traditional aspects of Clark Kent were dropped in favor of giving him a more aggressive and extroverted personality (although not as strong as Lois), including such aspects as making Clark a top football player in high school, along with being a successful author and Pulitzer Prize-winning writer. Furthermore, Clark’s motivations for his professional writing were deepened as both a love for the art which contributes at least as much social good as his Superman activities and as a matter of personal fulfillment in an intellectual field where his abilities give no unfair competition to his colleagues beyond typing extraordinarily fast. Following One Year Later, Clark adopts some tricks to account for his absences, such as feigning illness or offering to call the police. These, as well as his slouching posture, are references to his earlier mild-mannered Pre-Crisis versions, but he still maintains a sense of authority and his assertive self. Feeling that Clark is the real person and that Clark is not afraid to be himself in his civilian identity, John Byrne has stated in interviews that he took inspiration for this portrayal from the George Reeves version of Superman.
Adoption
Adopted by Martha and Jonathan Kent of Smallville, Kansas, Clark (and thus Superman) was raised with the values of a typical rural American town, including attending the local Methodist Church (though it is debated by comic fans if Superman is a Methodist).
Most continuities state that the Kents had been unable to have biological children. In the traditional versions of his origin, after the Kents retrieved Clark from his rocket, they brought him to the Smallville Orphanage and returned a few days later to formally adopt the orphan, giving him as a first name Martha’s maiden name, “Clark.” In John Byrne’s 1986 origin version The Man of Steel, instead of an orphanage, the Kents passed Clark off as their own child after their farm was isolated for months by a series of snowstorms.
Silver Age
In the Silver Age comics continuity, Clark gained superpowers upon landing on Earth, and gradually learned to master them, adopting the superhero identity of Superboy at the age of eight. He subsequently developed Clark’s timid demeanor as a means of ensuring that no one would suspect any connection between the two alter-egos.
In the city
In Metropolis, Superman (as Clark Kent) works as a reporter at the Daily Planet, “a great metropolitan newspaper,” which allows him to keep track of ongoing events where he might be of help. Largely working on his own, his identity is easily kept secret. He sees his job as a journalist as an extension of his Superman responsibilities, bringing truth to the forefront and fighting for the little man. Fellow reporter Lois Lane became the object of Clark’s/Superman’s romantic affection. Lois’s affection for Superman and her rejection of Clark’s clumsy advances have been a recurring theme in Superman comics, television, and movies.
Modern Age
In the modern age continuity of comics, Clark Kent’s favorite movie is To Kill a Mockingbird. According to the DC Comics Official Guide to Superman, Clark enjoys peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, football games, and the smell of Kansas in the springtime. His favorite baseball team is the Metropolis Monarchs and his favorite football team is the Metropolis Sharks.[citation needed] As of One Year Later, Clark is in his mid-thirties, stands at 6’3″, and weighs about 225 pounds.
In other media
1940s radio series
In the early Adventures of Superman radio episodes, Kal-El landed on Earth as an adult. He saved a man and his son and they gave him the idea of living as a normal person. They gave him the name of Clark Kent, and he later got a job as a newspaper reporter under that name. In that role he adopted a higher voice and a more introverted personality clearly establishing that Kent is the secret identity and Superman is the true person.
Later episodes shifted to the usual origin story, in which Kal-El landed on Earth as a baby and was raised by the Kent family.
Clayton “Bud” Collyer voiced both Clark Kent and Superman, until Michael Fitzmaurice replaced him in the final episodes.
1950s TV series
In the 1950s George Reeves series, Clark Kent is portrayed as a cerebral character who is the crime reporter for the Daily Planet and who as Kent uses his intelligence and powers of deduction to solve crimes (often before Inspector Henderson does) before catching the villain as Superman. Examples include the episodes Mystery of the Broken Statues, A Ghost for Scotland Yard, The Man in the Lead Mask, and The Golden Vulture. George Reeves’s Kent/Superman is also established as a champion of justice for the oppressed in episodes like The Unknown People and The Birthday Letter. Although Kent is described in the show introduction as “mild-mannered”, he can be very assertive, often giving orders to people and taking authoritative command of situations, though, as in the Pre-Crisis Superman stories at that time, Clark is still considered the secret identity. He gets people to trust his judgment very easily and has a good, often wisecracking, sense of humor. Reeves was also older than subsequent Superman actors.
Christopher Reeve movies
In 1978, the first of four Superman films was made in which Clark Kent and Superman were portrayed by Christopher Reeve (with teenage Kent played by Jeff East in the first film). This was followed nearly two decades later by a fifth film called Superman Returns with Brandon Routh giving a performance very similar to Reeve’s. In contrast to George Reeves’s intellectual Clark Kent, Reeve’s version is much more of an awkward fumbler and bungler, although Reeve is also an especially athletic, dashing and debonair Superman. Clark Kent’s hair is always absolutely flat, while Superman’s hair has a slight wave and is parted on the opposite side as Kent’s. These films leave the impression that Clark Kent is really a secret identity that is used to enable Superman to serve humanity better, rather than just a role to help him assimilate into the human community.
A great deal of emphasis is placed on his origins on the planet Krypton with exotic crystalline sets designed by John Barry, effectively giving Superman a third persona as Kal-El. The first film is in three sections: Kal-El’s infancy on Krypton (shot in London on the 007 stage), Clark Kent’s teen years in Smallville, and Kent/Superman’s adult life in Metropolis (shot in New York City). In earlier sections of the film, Reeve’s Kent interacts with both his earthly parents and the spirit of his Kryptonian father through a special crystal, in a way George Reeves never did. The film has a fair amount of quasi-Biblical imagery suggestive of Superman as a sort of Christ-figure sent by Jor-El “to show humans the way.” (See also Superman (film)#Themes). In Superman II Reeve’s Superman has to sacrifice his powers (effectively becoming just Clark Kent) in order to have a love relationship with Lois Lane, a choice he eventually abrogates to protect the world.
The relationship between Superman and Kent came to actual physical blows in Superman III. Superman is given a piece of manufactured kryptonite, but instead of weakening or killing him it drives him crazy, depressed, angry, and casually destructive, committing crimes which range from petty acts of vandalism to environmental disasters, like causing an oil spillage in order to bed a lusty woman in league with the villains. Driven alcoholic, Superman, his outfit dirty and neglected, eventually goes to a car wrecking yard where Kent, in a proper business suit and glasses, suddenly emerges from within him. A fight ensues in which the “evil” Superman tries to dispose of the “good” Kent, but the latter fights back, “kills” the evil side to his nature and, reclaiming the Superman mantle, sets off to repair the damage and capture the villains.
The indirect “Christianization” of Superman in the Reeve films (admitted by film producer Pierre Spengler on the DVD commentaries) has provoked comment on the Jewish origins of Superman. Rabbi Simcha Weinstein’s book Up, Up and Oy Vey : How Jewish History, Culture and Values Shaped the Comic Book Superhero says that Superman is both a pillar of society and one whose cape conceals a “nebbish,” saying, “He’s a bumbling, nebbish Jewish stereotype. He’s Woody Allen.” Ironically, it is also in the Reeve films that Clark Kent’s persona has the greatest resemblance to Woody Allen, though his conscious model was Cary Grant’s character in Bringing up Baby. This same theme is pursued about ’40s superheroes generally in Disguised as Clark Kent: Jews, Comics, and the Creation of the Superhero by Danny Fingeroth.
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
Clark Kent’s character is given one of its heaviest emphases in the 1990s series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. It is made very clear during the series, even discussed directly by the characters, that Clark Kent is who he really is, rather than his superheroic alter-ego.
In Lois and Clark, Kent (Dean Cain) is a stereotypical wide-eyed farm kid from Kansas with the charm, grace and humor of George Reeves, but without the awkward geekiness of Christopher Reeve. Emphasis is laid on the comic elements of his dual relationship with Lois Lane (Teri Hatcher). The ban on Christopher Reeve’s Superman having a relationship with a mortal while retaining his superpowers is entirely absent in the world of Lois and Clark. In the final season, Clark Kent marries Lois Lane (a few years after her almost-marriage to his arch-enemy Lex Luthor, whom she refused at the altar), finding love, happiness, and completeness in this relationship which does not jeopardize his Superman persona.
Smallville TV series
Further information: Clark Kent (Smallville)
Smallville was adapted to television in 2001, by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. Clark Kent is played by Tom Welling, with others portraying Clark as an infant. In this series, Clark has not yet adopted a Superman identity, but is seen wearing Superman’s traditional colors of red and blue, more often as the series progresses (more commonly a blue shirt underneath a red jacket, reflecting Superman’s uniform and cape colors). He is going through a process of character formation, making many mistakes in his youth, over time forming better and better judgment, while always self-consciously aware of his status as an alien from another planet who is different from other people. In season 8, he begins a fight against evil, hoping to be a source of inspiration and hope to others. A modest amount of religious imagery is seen occasionally in the series, but to a lesser degree than in the Christopher Reeve series.
Smallville’s Kent is particularly inwardly conflicted as he attempts to live the life of a normal human being, while keeping the secret of his alien heritage from his friends. Throughout the series he has an intermittent relationship with Lana Lang, which is strained by his secret. Clark’s powers appear over time. He is not aware of all of his powers at the start of the show; for instance, his heat vision and super breath do not develop until seasons two and six, respectively, and his power of flight has yet to fully emerge, appearing only in a few rare cases.
In contrast to previous incarnations of the character, this Clark Kent starts out best friends with Lex Luthor, whom he meets after saving the latter’s life. (Boyhood friendship with Lex Luthor had been the basis of a Superboy adventure published in 1960, and was retained as Silver Age canon until 1986.) In Smallville, Clark and Lex remain entangled for most of the series. Lex Luthor’s father, Lionel Luthor, is an unscrupulous industrialist with whom Lex has a troubled relationship. Lex would like to transcend his family background and be a better person than his father, but after multiple setbacks he slowly slips into evil. In turn, Clark Kent has a slightly dark side with which he comes to grips over time. In different ways to Luthor, Clark also does not have fully ideal relationship either with his adoptive father, Jonathan, nor with Jor-El with whose spirit he communicates. The younger Luthor slightly envies Clark’s ‘clean-cut’ and wholesome parents (who disapprove of Clark’s friendship with Luthor), while Clark is impressed with Luthor’s wealth. Even in his better days, Luthor is highly ambitious for power and wealth, at one time noting that he shares his name with Alexander the Great. Clark Kent, on the other hand, has no idea what he is going to do with his life while bewildered by his powers, and his uncertainty as to why he was sent to Earth.
In Season 8 of Smallville, Clark Kent begins a career as an anonymous superhero crimefighter, but issues are raised by his closest friend Chloe Sullivan (a cousin of Lois Lane invented for this series) as to whether his methods of catching criminals are ethical. In Season 9, Clark begins to formalize his dual identity and has introduced the well-known glasses.
Smallville’s Kent has also appeared in various literature (including comics and over a dozen young adult novels) based on the television series, none of which directly continue from or into the television episodes.
Animated series
In the 1940s Superman shorts, Clark is shown to have a wisecraking sense of humor and he and Lois are good friends. At the near end of each short, Clark gives out a smile and a wink to the audience (that was carried over the 1966 Superman animated series).
In the Superman: The Animated Series of the late 1990s, Kent is based on John Byrne’s version of him, becoming more assertive and intelligent. He is also considered to be the real person, with Superman the “alter ego”, though Kent often appears less in most episodes.
Secret identity security
A classic Silver Age “gag” cover based on the Clark Kent/Superman duality.
Various reasons over the decades have been offered for why people have never suspected Superman and Clark Kent of being one and the same. The most common offered is simply that, despite their physical resemblance, Superman and Clark are perceived as too different in mannerisms and personality to be the same individual. In the 1970s, one suggestion was that the lenses of Clark Kent’s glasses (made of Kryptonian materials) constantly amplified a low-level super-hypnosis power, thereby creating the illusion of others viewing Clark Kent as a weak and frailer being. However, this reason was abandoned almost as quickly as it was introduced, since it had various flaws (such as stories where Batman would disguise himself as Clark Kent, among others).
Another reason given in the 1987 story “The Secret Revealed” was the public simply does not know that Superman has a secret identity, considering he does not wear a mask, which implies to most that he has nothing to hide. As an added precaution, Superman would vibrate his face (like Jay Garrick, the Golden-Age Flash), slightly so that photographs would only show his features as a blur, thus preventing the danger of photographs of both identities being reliably compared. However, more recent stories showing Superman being photographed have tended to ignore this factor. The 2004 series Superman: Birthright also explained that Superman’s eyes are an unnaturally vivid shade of blue. Clark’s glasses diffuse the color and make his eyes appear more human in that identity.
It is also stated by Barry Allen that “Clark slouches, wears clothes two sizes too big and raises his voice an octave” as part of the disguise, making him seem shorter and overweight instead of muscular. This is confirmed, with very similar words, in the One Year Later reload of the Superman mythology, Superman: Secret Origin, in which Lois Lane upon meeting Clark Kent for the first time notices his slouch and his apparent bad taste in clothing, attributing them to a general desire to be underestimated.
Traditionally, Lois Lane (and sometimes others) would often suspect Superman of truly being Clark Kent, though more recent comics often feature the general public assuming that Superman has no secret identity. In “The Secret Revealed,” a super-computer constructed by Lex Luthor calculated Superman’s true identity, but Lex dismissed the idea because he could not believe that someone so powerful would want another, weaker identity. In modern comic continuity as of 2006, Lois Lane, feeling that someone like Clark could not be Superman, never suspected the dual identity beyond one isolated incident, before Clark finally revealed it to her. In “Visitor,” Lois finds Superman at the Kent farm with Lana Lang and asks him point-blank if he is Clark Kent. Before he can answer, the Kents tell her that they raised Superman alongside Clark like a brother. In the 2009 retcon of the mythos, Lois Lane is fully aware from the beginning, along with Perry White, that the meek, pudgy and bumbling Clark Kent deliberately holds himself back: however, still far from associating him to Superman, they simply believe he’s hiding his qualities as a good reporter.
Some fans have noted that in order for the disguise to be credible, Clark has to be at least as skilled an actor as Christopher Reeve. The films have Clark Kent being massively clumsy, paranoid and of course mild mannered. The actor’s portrayal of Clark in the Superman film series was praised for making the disguise’s effectiveness credible to audiences. In his book Still Me, Reeve says he based Clark Kent on Cary Grant’s nerdy character in Bringing up Baby.
In the commentary track for Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut, Tom Mankiewicz spoke about describing the dual role to Reeve as that he was always playing Superman but when he was Clark, he was playing Superman who was playing Clark Kent.
According to the 2004 limited series Superman: Birthright, which retells Superman’s origin, young Clark Kent studies the Meisner technique so that he can seamlessly move between his Clark and Superman personas. As Clark, he drops his head, lowers his shoulders, bends his back forward a little bit and talks in a lighter tone, while as Superman, he stands straight and talks in a deeper tone. In the 2006 feature film, Brandon Routh’s performance echoed Reeve’s.
Actor George Reeves, in the 1950s live-action television series Adventures of Superman, brought a naturalistic approach to the dual role, perhaps reasoning that if Clark were too much of a milquetoast, he would not do well in the tough world of investigative journalism, particularly with an aggressive editor like Perry White.[citation needed] Reeves played Clark as moderately assertive, often taking charge in dangerous or risky situations and unafraid to take reasonable risks. This fact was one the main inspirations for the 1980s reboot of the Clark Kent half of the Superman character as described by writer and artist John Byrne in the article Super-Discussions published by Attic Books in Comics Values Monthly Special #2 (1992).
Actor Dean Cain’s approach in the 1990s series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman was to have Clark as a normal, shy, everyday guy demonstrating occasional touches of clumsiness (e.g., pretending to burn his mouth on coffee), but still a highly skilled journalist, much like the current post-Crisis portrayal. His Superman, by contrast, was very much the model of the classic hero who stood up straight and spoke in a more formal and authoritative voice. In the episode “Tempus Fugitive,” the time-traveler Tempus mocks Lois, saying that future historians laugh at her for being “fooled by a pair of glasses.” On the other hand, H.G. Wells tells Lois that in truth the people of the future simply considered Lois to be blinded by love and that this has made her story a compelling one throughout the intervening years.
Identity change as a plot device and stylistic choice
When crises arise, Clark quickly changes into Superman. Originally during his appearances in Action Comics and later in his own magazine, the Man of Steel would strip to his costume and stand revealed as Superman, often with the transformation having already been completed. But within a short time, Joe Shuster and his ghost artists began depicting Clark Kent ripping open his shirt to reveal the “S” insignia on his chest an image which became so iconic that other superheroes, during the Golden Age and later periods, would copy the same type of change during transformations (only Spider-Man, through his appearances in comics and Sam Raimi’s films, has come remotely close to matching Superman in being connected with the famed shirt-rip shot).
In the Fleischer animated series of theatrical cartoons released by Paramount, the mild-mannered reporter often ducked into a telephone booth or stock room to make the transformation. Since the shorts were produced during the rise of film noir in cinema, the change was usually represented as a stylized sequence: Clark Kent’s silhouette is clearly seen behind a closed door’s pebble glass window (or a shadow thrown across a wall) as he strips to his Superman costume. Then, the superhero emerges having transformed from his meek disguise to his true self. In the comic books and in the George Reeves television series, he favors the Daily Planet’s store room for his changes of identities. (The heroic change between identities within the store room is almost always seen in the comics, but never viewed in the Reeves series.)
The CBS Saturday morning series The New Adventures of Superman produced by Filmation Studios as well as The Adventures of Superboy from the same animation house featured the iconic “shirt rip” to reveal the “S” or Clark Kent removing his unbuttoned white dress shirt in a secluded spot, usually thanks to stock animation which was re-used over dozens of episodes, to reveal his costume underneath while uttering his famed line “This is a job for Superman!”
In Lois & Clark, Clark’s usual method of changing was to either “suddenly” remember something urgent that required his immediate attention or leave the room/area under the pretense of contacting a source, summoning the police, heading to a breaking story’s location, etc. Clark also developed a method of rapidly spinning into his costume at super speed which became a trademark change, especially during the third and fourth seasons of the series, and extremely popular with the show’s fans.
As a dramatic plot device, Clark often has to quickly improvise in order to find a way to change unnoticed. For example, in Superman (1978), Clark, unable to use a newer, open-kiosk pay phone (and getting a nice laugh from the theater audience), runs down the street and rips his shirt to reveal his costume underneath. He quickly enters a revolving door, spinning through it at incredible speed while changing clothes. Thus made invisible, he appears to have entered the building as Clark Kent and exited seconds later as Superman. Later in the film, when the need to change is more urgent (as he believes the city is about to be poisoned by Lex Luthor), he simply jumps out a window of the Daily Planet offices, changing at super-speed as he falls (the film merely shows the falling Kent blurring into a falling Superman), and flies off.
In one scene of Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, Clark becomes aware of an emergency while talking with Bruce Wayne, and in the next panel he has flown out of his Kent clothing and glasses so quickly that they have had no time to fall.
In Season 8 of Smallville, Clark begins to show a bit more of his double identity. He starts slowing down his superspeed enough for surveillance cameras to see his iconic red and blue streak. This reveals to the citizens of Metropolis that a superhero is among them, and the name “The Red-Blue Blur” is coined. When Jimmy Olsen becomes suspicious, Clark decides to reserve his usual red-and-blue for saving people. He carries a backpack with him to work every day, containing his change of clothes. He begins to practice his speed change at home and at the Daily Planet. He changes in a superspeed spin in the Daily Planet’s phone booth, and once even in his office chair.
Debate over true identity
A relatively recent debate is which of the two identities (Superman or Clark Kent) is the real person and which is the facade, mainly by the ending scene in Quentin Tarantino’s Kill Bill Vol. 2 when Bill (David Carradine), citing Jules Feiffer’s The Great Comic Book Heroes, tells The Bride (Uma Thurman) that Superman is the real identity of Superman, while Clark Kent is a facade based on mankind’s less impressive traits. Pre-Crisis interpretations of Superman very much assumed that Clark Kent was the “mask” and Kal-El the person (in the classic story Superman: Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?, when Superman’s dual life is revealed, he completely abandons his Clark Kent persona). With John Byrne’s more assertive revamp of Clark Kent as well as Superman’s greater grounding in Earth culture and humanity (as opposed to the everpresent Kryptonian heritage of the Pre-Crisis version), Superman is considered the “mask” and Clark the person. This is made explicit by Clark himself in Superman (vol. 2) #53, when following his revelation to Lois of his role as Superman (Action Comics #662), he states: “I’m Clark, the man you love. Superman is the creation you named me, Lois.” In pre-Crisis continuity, Kal-El was already a toddler before leaving Krypton, and retained memories of that childhood that later resurfaced; in Post-Crisis continuity, he was sent to Earth pre-natally in a “birthing matrix” (more recently retconned as an infant) and raised entirely by the Kents. As a result of their rearing, Kal-El has grown to think of himself as Clark Kent, and in fact was completely unaware of his alien heritage until he was well into adulthood. Although the morals instilled in him by the Kents have motivated Kal-El to use his abilities to help others, he developed the Superman persona to protect his Clark Kent identity. Thus he is Clark Kent, who some think of as Kal-El, wearing a Superman “mask”.
Many fans and Superman scholars believe there to actually be three interpretations.[citation needed] There is firstly who Clark is when he is around trusted friends and family, particularly while on the farm with Martha, or in moments alone with Lois. He is a regular guy, brave, and moral. He then wears two other masks: that of the heroic Superman, and that of the bumbling and goofy Clark Kent who works at the Daily Planet. It should be noted that “bumbling” Clark is an act, but some fans dislike the portrayal of Clark as bumbling and goofy, as they feel it marginalizes his importance to the character. This idea has appeared in comics and various adaptations. In a pre-Crisis story by Alan Moore in DC Comics Presents #85, a sick Kal-El has hallucinations of both the Superman costume and Clark’s suit, both offering advice from different viewpoints, and insists that neither of them are real. Rather the reverse relationship exists between Bruce Wayne and Batman, in whose case Bruce Wayne is the fiction and Batman is the reality.
A more academic approach developed by Jules Feiffer in his series of articles published in The Great Comic Book Heroes is that Superman is the real identity of Superman. Feiffer states that while most comic book characters were born as their alter egos (Spider-Man was “Peter Parker” first, Batman was born “Bruce Wayne”), Kal-El uses the very blanket he was wrapped in for his trip to Earth as his “costume”, which means that Clark Kent is truly the manufactured identity used in order to blend in with humanity, and most importantly, a device to pursue Lois Lane’s affections. A good example of this view is an adventure published in the 1960s when Kent finds himself at loose end when staff at the Daily Planet go on strike and seriously considers it a chance to try out a new identity in case he has “to abandon [his] Clark Kent role permanently”. His options include becoming a full-time policeman or even a mere tramp “whom no one would ever suspect of being the Man of Steel.”
Other concepts have become the current accepted canon in most modern versions of the Superman myth (for example, in the DC animated universe Superman cartoon episode “The Late Mr. Kent”, wherein Clark Kent is presumed dead, Superman expresses frustration at the idea of not being Clark and having to be someone else instead, because, in his words: “I am Clark Kent. I need to be Clark. I’d go crazy if I’d have to be Superman all the time.” In a previous episode, actually the third part of the “Last Son of Krypton” arc, Jonathan “Pa” Kent assures his adoptive son that he will “always be Clark Kent” and that “Superman just helps out every now and then.”)
Both Richard Donner, director of the first Reeve movie and Bryan Singer, director of the Brandon Routh followup, have stated that Clark Kent is intended to be the disguise. However, while the Donner films tend to imply that Superman is the actual persona, Singer stated at the 2006 Comic-Con that he favored the three-persona concept, stating that there was Clark Kent on the farm, the bumbling Metropolis Clark and Superman, the Last Son of Krypton. Brandon Routh himself even stated, in an HBO First Look interview that he was playing three characters; Clark Kent, the reporter/farm boy, Superman, the protagonist and savior of Metropolis and Kal-El, the Last Son of Krypton.
In Lois & Clark, Lois discovers his identity and angrily states that “you are Superman”, but Clark famously says, “No, Lois. Superman is what I can do. Clark is who I am.” They are eventually married.
Clark Kent has also been depicted without the Superman alter ego. In the Elseworlds stories starting with Superman: Last Son of Earth, he is the son of Jonathan Kent, who saves his son from the destruction of the Earth. Clark ends up on Krypton, where he is adopted by Jor-El and becomes the planet’s Green Lantern.
Notes
^ Note that while Joseph is more commonly used, some sources claim that Clark’s middle name is in fact “Jerome” in honor of creator Jerry Siegel. The name “Jerome” was used in the “Season’s Greedings” episode of the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.
^ The religion of Superman (Clark Kent / Kal-El)
^ t h e n e w B A T M A N – S U P E R M A N a d v e n t u r e s
^ Superman (vol. 2) #67 and #81)
^ This is discussed by the producers in their DVD commentary to the original theatrical cut.
^ http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/10036
^ http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/superman is jewish_1000359
^ Simpson, Paul (2004). Smallville: The Official Companion Season 1. London: Titan Books. pp. 817. ISBN 1840237955.
^ Episode in which the pair start and end their relationship: season two’s “Exodus”, season three’s “Phoenix”, season five’s “Arrival” & “Hypnotic”, season seven’s “Fierce” & “Arctic”
^ “Heat”. Mark Verheiden (writer) & James Marshall (director). Smallville. The WB. 2002-10-01. No. 2, season 2. 42 minutes in.
^ “Sneeze”. Todd Slavkin, Darren Swimmer (writers) & Paul Shapiro (director). Smallville. The WB. 2006-10-06. No. 2, season 6.
^ “Pilot”. Alfred Gough, Miles Millar (writers) & David Nutter (director). Smallville. The WB. 2001-10-16. No. 1, season 1. 42 minutes in.
^ Adventure Comics #271 (Apr 1960)
^ Superman (vol. 1) #330 (December 1978)
^ a b Superman (vol. 2) #2 (February 1987)
^ Green Lantern #44 (September 2009)
^ Superman: Secret Origin #3 (2009)
^ Action Comics #597 (February 1988)
^ Superman: Secret Origins #3 (2009)
^ illustration included in the Penguin Book of Comics by George Perry and Alan Aldridge, published in 1967.
References
Clark Kent (III – Post-Crisis) at the Comic Book DB
Clark Joseph Kent (Post Crisis) at the Comic Book DB
Alura Chris Kent Eradicator Gangbuster Guardian Jor-El Krypto Lara Maxima Mon-El Natasha Irons Power Girl Steel Superwoman (Kristin Wells) Thara Ak-Var Zor-El
Supporting characters
Bibbo Bibbowski Cat Grant Professor Hamilton Inspector Henderson Ma and Pa Kent Lobo Lois Lane Lucy Lane Sam Lane Lana Lang Lori Lemaris Lyla Lerrol Steve Lombard Jimmy Olsen Pete Ross Maggie Sawyer Ron Troupe Dan Turpin Perry White
Villains
Atomic Skull Bizarro Bloodsport Brainiac Bruno Mannheim Conduit Darkseid Doomsday Faora General Zod Gog Hank Henshaw Imperiex Intergang Jax-Ur Kryptonite Man Lex Luthor Livewire Metallo Mongul Morgan Edge Mr. Mxyzptlk Non Parasite Prankster Silver Banshee Superboy-Prime Terra-Man Titano Toyman Ultra-Humanite Ultraman Ursa
Locations
Argo City Daily Planet Fortress of Solitude Kandor Krypton Kryptonopolis Metropolis Phantom Zone Smallville Suicide Slum Vathlo Island
History and themes
Origin History of Superman Symbol Powers Kryptonite Character and cast Relationship of Clark Kent and Lois Lane
Publications
Current: Action Comics Adventure Comics (vol. 2) Superman Superman/Batman Superman: Last Stand of New Krypton Superman: Secret Origin
Former: Adventure Comics All Star Superman DC Comics Presents The Man of Steel Superman (vol. 2) Superman: Birthright Superman: The Man of Steel Superman: The Man of Tomorrow Superman: World of New Krypton World’s Finest Comics
Miscellanea
Storylines Alternate versions Superman in other media Supergirl in other media Lex Luthor in other media Superman (film series) Alternate versions of Supergirl Alternate versions of Lex Luthor Smallville
v d e
19781987 Superman film series
Movies
Superman (1978) Superman II (1980) Superman III (1983) Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987)
Other movies
Supergirl (1984) Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut (2006)
Adapted characters
Alura General Zod Jor-El Jonathan Kent Martha Kent Lois Lane Lucy Lane Lana Lang Sam Lane Lara Lor-Van Lex Luthor Jimmy Olsen Supergirl / Kara Zor-El Superman / Clark Kent Perry White Zor-El
Original characters
Lenny Luthor Non Otis Ursa Ross Webster
In film locations
Smallville Daily Planet Fortress of Solitude Phantom Zone Metropolis Krypton Argo City
Music
“Can You Read My Mind” Superman III (soundtrack)
Related articles
Superman films on television Kryptonite Relationship of Clark Kent and Lois Lane Origin of Superman
See also: Superman in other media Lex Luthor in other media Supergirl in other media
Categories: 1938 comics characters debuts | DC Comics superheroes | Fictional adoptees | Fictional characters from Kansas | Fictional farmers | Fictional football players | Fictional orphans | Fictional reporters | Fictional writers | Film characters | DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds | DC Comics characters with superhuman strength | DC Comics characters with accelerated healing | Characters created by Jerry Siegel | Characters created by Joe ShusterHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from June 2008 | All articles needing additional references | Redundant infobox title param | Character pop | Converted comics character infoboxes | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
An exciting handheld device, the Fisher-Price iXL 6-in-1 Learning System is a great introduction to technology that provides plenty of fun learning activities for young children. This sophisticated, yet kid-friendly toy features six distinct interactive options–such as a Digital Reader, Game Player, and MP3 Player–that will entertain and teach kids aged 3 to 7. By connecting this device to your …
Highlighting the comic history of Batman through the ages!Each 6-inch scale figure is highly detailed and articulated for the ultimate collector in mindDraws inspiration from the editorial heritage of the DC brand in comic stylingIncludes Batman Legacy Collector figure, unique display stand, and 6.75” x 10.25” comic posterThese are the figures Batman collectors of all ages have been lo…
Highlighting the comic history of Batman through the ages!Each 6-inch scale figure is highly detailed and articulated for the ultimate collector in mindDraws inspiration from the editorial heritage of the DC brand in comic stylingIncludes Batman Legacy Collector figure, unique display stand, and 6.75” x 10.25” comic posterThese are the figures Batman collectors of all ages have been lo…
Summary:SOMETHING STRANGE HAS happened to the birds of GOTHAM CITY. Pigeons are causing traffic jams, seagulls are making trouble at a nearby beach, and ostriches have escaped from the zoo! THE PENGUIN has enlisted his fine feathered friends to distract the DC SUPER FRIENDS while he swoops in and plucks GOTHAM’s biggest bank clean! Will BATMAN, SUPERMAN, and the other DC SUPER FRIENDS get th…
Presents a collection of classic Batman stories which includes such characters as The Joker, Clayface, Hugo Strange, The Penguin, and Silver St. Cloud. Author: Rogers, Marshall Publication Date: 2011/11/22 Number of Pages: 484 Binding Type: Hardcover Language: English Depth: 1.25 Width: 7.50 Height: 11.00
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Luis Conrado exists in two worlds: the fictional reality of Habagat (the brave and all-powerful superhero he plays on television) and the madcap realm of the Philippine showbiz industry. In many ways, it’s the latter world that’s more bizarre. It’s a world that has its own unnatural powers and principalities, a dangerous and dazzling world of secrets, intrigue, and lies. A world where fame can exa…
The Sonneman Bronze Age Pendant displays warmth and style for any age. Its shade is actually four separate rectangular panels of Bronze glass. These are suspended from and complemented by the Black Brass-finished frame. A Vintage Carbon Filament bulb (not included) adds a sculptural, industrial element to the overall modern effect. Sonneman A Way of Light is the namesake of founder and lighting designer Robert Sonneman. It was formed to create contemporary lighting that best exemplifies today’s cosmopolitan American style. Sonneman Lighting fixtures are elegant and refined, decidedly modern yet clearly influenced by classic 20th century period styles. The Sonneman Bronze Age Pendant is available with the following: Details:Bronze glass shadeMetal frame and supportsBlack Brass finishSquare hang-straight ceiling canopyOne 6″ and three 12″ stemsUL ListedLighting: One 60 Watt 120 Volt Vintage Carbon Filament Medium Base Incandescent lamp (not included). Shipping: This item usually ships within 3 to 5 business days. Dimensions: Shade: Width 7.5 In., Height 9.5 In., Depth 6.5 In. Fixture: Width 7.5 In., Depth 7 In., Height 12.5 In., Overall Hanging Length Adjustable to 54.5 In. Ceiling Canopy: Depth 4.5 In., Width 4.5 In.
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Highlighting the comic history of Batman through the ages!Each 6-inch scale figure is highly detailed and articulated for the ultimate collector in mindDraws inspiration from the editorial heritage of the DC brand in comic stylingIncludes Batman Legacy Collector figure, unique display stand, and 6.75” x 10.25” comic posterThese are the figures Batman collectors of all ages have been lo…
Highlighting the comic history of Batman through the ages!Each 6-inch scale figure is highly detailed and articulated for the ultimate collector in mindDraws inspiration from the editorial heritage of the DC brand in comic stylingIncludes Batman Legacy Collector figure, unique display stand, and 6.75” x 10.25” comic posterThese are the figures Batman collectors of all ages have been lo…
Summary:SOMETHING STRANGE HAS happened to the birds of GOTHAM CITY. Pigeons are causing traffic jams, seagulls are making trouble at a nearby beach, and ostriches have escaped from the zoo! THE PENGUIN has enlisted his fine feathered friends to distract the DC SUPER FRIENDS while he swoops in and plucks GOTHAM’s biggest bank clean! Will BATMAN, SUPERMAN, and the other DC SUPER FRIENDS get th…
Presents a collection of classic Batman stories which includes such characters as The Joker, Clayface, Hugo Strange, The Penguin, and Silver St. Cloud. Author: Rogers, Marshall Publication Date: 2011/11/22 Number of Pages: 484 Binding Type: Hardcover Language: English Depth: 1.25 Width: 7.50 Height: 11.00
Plum Island Silver Company is a leading supplier of Sterling Silver Jewelry. We have one of the largest selections of Sterling Silver Jewelry in the world. Our customer service is unexcelled. Give us a try and see why we are America s Favorite Sterling Silver Supplier . Sterling silver amp;quot;Age of Innocenceamp;quot; book charm. The book measures 14mm wide x 15mm long and is 1.5mm thick. The front cover of the book has the title amp;quot;Age of Innocenceamp;quot; and below that is the author amp;quot;Whartonamp;quot;. The back cover of the book has a flower design with triangles at the corners of the cover
